Architectural style is a comprehensive set of features and characteristics of the work of architecture of a certain time and place.
First of all it should be said that there were many styles in the history of mankind. Some kept up to date to our days, while some remained in the past. At times, to determine the style of architecture is very difficult. This is due to the fact that some styles and principles did not appear one after another over time, but in parallel. Therefore styles such as baroque and classicism, art nouveau and eclecticism, functionalism and constructivism can easily be confused or they can serve as alternatives to each other.
1. Classicism
The designed building, from a classicist point of view, should be built on the basis of strict canons, thus revealing the orderliness and logic of the universe itself.
Basic features of classicism are symmetry and proportions, the main entrance is made in form of portico and is crowned with a pediment, solid construction materials, high, floor-length windows with small partitions, the walls are decorative-free.
2. Empire
The style began to develop in France during the reign of Napoleon. The décor of palace interiors in the Empire style was characterized by contrasting colors: blue, white, bright red, clear lines, abundance of gilding. The walls were usually covered with brightly colored silk. Rhombuses, circles, military symbols – swords, spears, shields – served as ornaments.
The main features of the Empire:
-Offensive decor on facades and interiors
-Animal and fantasy plots. Lion paws, sphinxes, amazing creatures with animal bodies and human heads.
-Strict symmetry.
3. Gothic
The style originated in the Ile-de-France region of northern France, evolving from Romanesque architecture. One of the main engineering innovations of Gothic architecture was the frame system. It changed the load distribution in the building, lightened the walls and ceilings, allowed to increase the height of buildings and their area, and saved building materials.
The main features of the Gothic style are:
-characteristic arches with pointed tops, -narrow and tall towers and columns
richly decorated facade with carved details (vimperges, timpani, archivoltas) – many-colored stained glass lancet windows.
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